Xathrya Sabertooth

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Introduction to NPM (Node Package Manager) Posted: 19 Oct 2013 03:00 AM PDT NPM (Node Package Manager) or simply npm is a simple application to install node programs. NPM also support a feature which will indicate dependencies and package starting file. In this article, we will discuss about how to use npm, from a basic command to a rather advance one. Getting Help npm has a lot of feature, therefore let’s start by knowing how to get a help. NPM has a lot of help documentation about all of its command. Getting a help is as simple as typing this command on your terminal: npm help If you have a problem with any of npm command/feature, you can append –help on the command, leading to a documentation specific to that command. For example, both are valid command: npm help install npm install --help Filtering Packages npm ls [filter] NPM can see the list of all packages and their version (npm ls with no filter), or filter by a tag (npm filter tag). For examples: Installed Package npm ls installed This will list all installed package. Stable Package npm ls stable This will list all stable package available (installed or not). Search by Content npm ls name This way, we can have all packages that have “name” inside its name or tags. Search by Version npm ls @1.0 This is used to query packages specified by its version. Install a Package NPM is used to install,update, and remove a package. That’s what a package managers do. When we want to install something, we can use following command and let NPM install the latest version of it to our machine. Here we will have “pkg_name” installed on our system. npm install pkg_name You can also install from a tarball, a folder, or an url to a tarball. If you run npm install without arguments, it tries to install the current folder. For example, we will install express: npm install express Or we can also install a specific version of a package by: npm install express@2.0beta We can also install the latest of a package within a version range we specify. For instance: npm install express@">=0.1.0" More filters can be used to select a specific packages. Update Packages npm update [pkg_name] The update command does a few things: Search the registry for new versions of all the packages installed (if pkg_name is omitted) or specific packages. If there’s a newer version, then install it Point dependent packages at the new version, if it satisfies their dependency Remove old versions, if no other package names them as a dependency. Basically, update behaves a lot like a “standard” package manager’s update command, except that it also checks to make sure that the new version isn’t going to break anything before it points stuff at it. Remove Packages This command will uninstall a package. If the version are omitted, then all the found version are removed. npm rm pkg_name[@version] [pkg_name2[@version]] Read Package Information To view all of a package information, we can do like this: npm view pkg_name[@version]

Installing .NET Framework 3.5 on Windows 8 Posted: 19 Oct 2013 12:57 AM PDT On default, Windows 8 has shipped .NET Framework 4.5, installed and available. However, some app requires a specific version of .NET version. If the .NET version is lower than the provided (for example 3.5, like we want to discuss here) the app will fail to run. You will also be prompted to install .NET framework. To run apps that require the .NET Framework 3.5 on Windows 8 or later, we must enable it. There are three ways to do it, two online method, and one offline method. The first two methods involves internet connection therefore you should present the Internet Access. The last method will do offline installation, what you need is Windows 8 installation CD. Note that this instruction also apply to installing the .NET Framework 3.5 on Windows 8.1. A special caution, any versions of .NET Framework should not be uninstalled from computer because there might be one or many app depends on a specific version and may break if that version is removed. Multiple versions of the .NET Framework can be loaded on a single computer at the same time. This means, you do not have to uninstall previous version in order to install the later version. On Demand Installation In most case, if an app requires .NET Framework 3.5 and doesn’t find the version enabled on computer, it display a message box. The box will appear either during installation or when running the app for the first time. To enable the .NET framework 3.5, choose “Install this feature”. This option require internet connection. Enabling .NET Framework 3.5 in Control Panel The .NET Framework 3.5 can also be installed through Control Panel. Choose “Programs and Features”, then “Turn Windows features on or off”, and then select the “.NET Framework 3.5 (includes .NET 2.0 and 3.0)” checkbox. You don’t need to select the “Windows Communication Foundation HTTP Activation” nor “Windows Communication Foundation Non-HTTP Activation” unless you are a developer who requires WCF script and handler mapping functionality. Install by DVD You need your Windows 8 installation DVD. If you are using ISO image, mount it. Make sure you remember the path / drive letter your disk (or image) is. In this article we will use G:\ as the example. Open an Command prompt as administrator. You can do this by press start, type cmd which will give you some options. Navigate to Command Prompt and right click it. A new bar will appear, let’s click on “Run as administrator”. Then we have a command prompt with escalated privilege. Next, invoke following command. Assuming the DVD drive (where the DVD is) is G:\. DISM.exe /Online /enable-feature /featurename:NetFX3 /Source:G:\sources\sxs /LimitAccess After the installation finish, you will have the Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5 installed.

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• Object in JavaScript
• Compact Tutorial on JavaScript Basic
• Introduction to JavaScript

Object in JavaScript Posted: 13 Oct 2013 01:26 AM PDT JavaScript has object. We have cover it a bit and compactly, now we will discuss it deeper. JavaScript object can be view as two different system. One, we can see object as an associative array (aka hash). It stores key-value pairs. On the other side, objects are used for object-oriented programming, using dot notation to access properties and method. In modern day, JavaScript object also used as a data format known as JSON (Java Script Object Notation). However that is beyond our scope. We will only speak about JavaScript Object, like it is. Creating Object An empty object (you may also read as empty associative array) can be created with one of two syntaxes: o = new Object() o = { } The values will be stored as key-value pair. The “properties” can be assigned or delete using “dot notation”. Unlike static type like C++, we can add or delete properties / method dynamically at need. var obj = { } // create empty object obj.name = 'Xathrya'; // add entry with key 'name' and value 'Xathrya' alert(obj.name); // get value by key 'name' delete obj.name; We can also use brackets instead of dot. The key is passed as a string. var obj = { } // create empty object obj['name'] = 'Xathrya'; // add entry with key 'name' and value 'Xathrya' alert(obj['name']); // get value by key 'name' delete obj['name']; Both give same result. We can also declare an object type, like any OOP language. It is actually a group of key-value pairs. The key-value pairs will act as properties and/or method, enclosed by curly-bracket and written as list separated by comma. The key-value pair is written separated by : (colon) operator. For example: Which in turn: var menuSetup = { width: 300, height: 200, title: "Menu" } // same as: var menuSetup = { } menuSetup.width = 300; menuSetup.height = 200; menuSEtup.title = 'Menu'; It is also possible to create nested object: var user = { name: "Xathrya", id: 13510, birthdate: { day: 27, month: 9, year: 1991 } } alert(user.name); // "Xathrya" akert(user.birthdate.day); // 27 Non-Existing Properties We know that we can fetch property from an object. But if the property does not exist, then undefined is returned. It is the sign for us that the indicated property is undefined, or not exist. var obj = { } var value = obj.nonexistant; alert(value); So, to check whether the value is defined, we can use following: if (obj.name !== undefined) { // strict comparison alert("I've got a name!"); } Checking If a Key Exists To see if a property is defined in object, we can use “in” operator to check it. "key" in object // true if key exist Iterating Over Keys-Values Iterating a keys-values pair is like using foreach, iterating each element of an object. JavaScript has made a special syntax for..in to do so. This syntax will list object properties, using a “pointer” to point to a properties one at a time. for (key in obj) { ... obj[key] ... operated } Let’s see how we do it: var menu = { width: 300, height: 200, title: "Menu" }; for(var key in menu) { var val = menu[key]; alert("Key: "+key+" value:"+val); } There, the key will enumerate the key inside object menu. The key would be “width”, “height”, “title”. In theory, the order of iteration over object properties is not guaranteed. In practice, there is a de-facto standard about it. Object Variables are References A variable which is assigned to object actually keeps reference to it. That is, a variable stores kind-of pointer to real data. We can use the variable to change this data, this will affect all other references. var user = { name: 'Xathrya' }; // user is reference to the object var obj = user; // obj ans user refer to same object obj.name = 'Sabertooth'; // change data in the object alert(user.name); // now it is 'Sabertooth' A major drawback is JavaScript have characteristic like Java. The variable is reference, not a value / pointer. Therefore we cannot modify the value of object directly. function increment(val) { val++; } var val = 5; increment(val); alert(val); // val is still 5 Instead, we can still do this, pass the value inside of a container instead of the reference. var obj = { val: 5 } function increment(obj) { obj.val++; } increment(obj) alert(obj.val); // obj.val is now 6 The difference is because in first example variable val is changed, while in second example obj is not changed, but data which it references is modified instead. Properties and Methods We can store anything in object. Not just a simple value, but also functions. Remember that functions is also key-value pair with value as function. var car = { name: "XathCar", model: 500, weight: 850, color: "white", curSpeed: 0, start: function() { alert("Car is started"); this.curSpeed = 0; } drive: function() { alert("Car is running"); this.curSpeed += 10; } brake: function() { alert("A brake is pressed"); this.curSpeed -= 5; } }; Here we have functions stored by key ‘start’, ‘drive’, and ‘brake’. Note the this keyword inside the functions. When a function is called from the object, this become a reference to the object. To call a method, we can use something like this: car.start(); car.drive(); car.brake(); To check if a method is exists, we can just check it using if syntax: if (car.start) car.start(); Constructor Constructing an object can use new function. The thing which will be an object should be declared as a function. The function then can have some properties and also some methods. Inside the function, we also have this pointer. Instantiation will take a function name and a keyword new before it. For example: function Animal(name) { this.name = name; this.canWalk = true; this.canFly = true; } var animal = new Animal("PenQueen"); alert(animal.name); Which has same result as: var animal = { name: "PenQueen", canWalk: true, canFly: true } If the function returns an object, this is ignored. function Animal() { this.name = 'Kitty' return { name: 'Salamander' } // <-- will be returned } alert( new Animal().name ) // Salamander Convention speaking: all functions which are meant to create objects with new have uppercased first letter in the name. If the function don’t take any arguments, we may omit braces. Built-In Object The standard library of JavaScript includes a list of built-in objects. They are, for example: Math – provides methods for mathematical computations, Date – for dates, RegExp – for regular expressions. Function are also objects, instances of the new Function. For browser, there are also global object / variable such as: Document Window

Compact Tutorial on JavaScript Basic Posted: 13 Oct 2013 12:03 AM PDT We will not cover how to program in JavaScript in detail but rather what to do in JavaScript. Where to Write? There are some alternatives to write a piece of JavaScript code: inside a document using <script>, inline on HTML tag, external files. JavaScript can be written on enclosing pair of tag <script> </script> <script> alert("My First JavaScript"); </script> We can write this on any section of HTML document, for example: <body>, <head>, or both. It is a common practice to put code in the <head> section, or at the bottom of the page. This way they are all in one place and do not interfere with page content. For example, this code is a script embedded to <body> section. <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <body> <h1>My Web Page</h1> <p id="demo">A Paragraph</p> <button type="button" onclick="myFunction()">Try it</button> <script> function myFunction() { document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML="My First JavaScript Function"; } </script> </body> </html> JavaScript can be embedded to a HTML tag. For a simple code this approach can be used. Here we modified the above code: <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <body> <h1>My Web Page</h1> <p id="demo">A Paragraph</p> <button type="button" onclick="document.getElementById('demo').innerHTML='My First JavaScript Function'">Try it</button> </body> </html> Last, we can write a JavaScript code in external files and make the HTML file loads them. This way, several web pages can use it. External JavaScript files have the file extension .js. To include external script, point to the .js file in the “src” attribute of the <script> tag: <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <body> <script src="myScript.js"></script> </body> </html> Dynamic Type Inference JavaScript is a scripting language. It is a language which dynamically infer the types of objects, instead of forcing object definition. For example, in C or C++ you can have a variable which is defined as integer, floating point number, a character, etc. Including user-defined type. When declaring a variable, you have to specify what kind of variable (the type) of it. When you fail to define it, compiler will refuse to process. You should also make sure the type is defined / declared ahead of variable declaration. Here is the example in C++: int myInt = 9; float myFloat = 3.14; char myChar = 'X'; In JavaScript, no such things exists. Instead you can have all defined as a variable, regarding the value. var myInt = 9; var myFloat = 3.14; var myChar = 'x'; Not only primitive type, you can treat object with same manner. You can also write all variable declaration in one line, separated by comma: var lastname="Sabertooth", age="21", job="CEO"; or you can span it to multiple lines, but still the declaration is separated by comma: var lastname="Sabertooth", age="21", job="CEO"; Though indentation is not really a matter, it is advised to watch your indentation. As implication of this behavior, you can assign any value to JavaScript variable. But, in computer programs variable are often declared without no value. The value can be something that will be provided later, like user input. However how we declared an empty variable? Here undefined comes. The variable carname will have the value undefined after the execution of the following statement: var carname; An undefined value is not instance of any type. It is purely declaring the variable as empty. There is also exists the sibling, null value. A Statement, Code Blocks A statements are “commands” to the browsers or interpreters. A statement can be an expression or simply a function / procedure invocation.Like it’s predecessor, JavaScript can use semicolon ; to separates JavaScript statements. This enables us to write multiple statement on a line. However, write semicolon at the end is optional. document.write("Xathrya Sabertooth"); document.write(" was here"); The statements are case sensitive. Watch capitalization closely. A function getElementById is not same as getElementByID. A variable named myVariable is not same as MyVariable.Some statements can also be grouped together in blocks. Blocks started with a left curly bracket, and ended with a right curly bracket. Blocks are used for defining function, branching (if-else, switch), repetition (for, do, while), or simply grouping statements.Different in Way of Code JavaScript also use different paradigm. It is still executed in sequential, means a higher line of code will be executed earlier than code in bottom. What we means in different paradigm? Writing JavaScript require ones to know event-driven model. Lot of code or function are act as callback. They are executed when some kind of event has been triggered. The event can vary, such as button click, page load, etc. The event can be associated to specific page element such as button, image, etc. If you have code in native programming language, for example C/C++, you can feel the difference. In C/C++ you have a main function where all execution alive. In JavaScript, they are persistent and wait for a call. This should be noted! We Talk About Input/Output In JavaScript, we can say manipulating I/O is the primary goal. We say input when we grab content of some elements, whether we process it or not. We say output when we write things to document, whether it is processed or not. The output / writing can be create, update, or delete DOM. Remember that JavaScript can manipulate a DOM freely. I/O can also be considered as communication with other entity, such as remote server in AJAX. What are Types? In fact, JavaScript do have types declared. They are strings, number, boolean, and object. A string is a series of characters. It can be any text inside quotes (single or double quotes). You can also use quotes inside a stirng, as long as they don’t match the start quote. var carname="Volvo XC60"; var carname='Volvo XC60'; var answer="It's alright"; var answer="He is called 'Johnny'"; var answer='He is called "Johnny"'; A number is a generalization of integer and floating point number. JavaScript also support large number using scientific notation. var x1=34.00; // Written with decimals var x2=34; // Written without decimals var y=123e5; // 12300000 var z=123e-5; // 0.00123 A boolean is a special type which has only two kind of values: true or false. It is often used in condition testing. We will var x=true; var y=false; JavaScript object is delimited by curly braces. Inside the braces the object’s properties are defined as name and value pairs. The properties are separated by commas. Here is how we write a JavaScript object. Note that we can use one line to define all, or single line to define each. var person={ firstname : "Xathrya", lastname : "Sabertooth", id : 5566, company : "Sakraysoft Nanotech" }; When we declare an object, we will use following syntax: var Xathrya = new person; and addressing the properties by two ways: name = Xathrya.lastname; name = Xathrya["lastname"]; You can also create a new object for String, Number, and Boolean respectively. There is also a type which is defined as a collection of value. This type is called as Array(). Like we predict, JavaScript array is unlike C/C++ array. JavaScript can be any value. var X = new Array(); X[0] = "Xathrya"; X[1] = "Sabertooth"; X[2] = 13510030; Operators Assign Assign is an operator to assign value to a variable. In other world, it write a value to variable. The operator is = y = 5; z = 2; x = y + z; The x will be 7. JavaScript can support C-like assignment operators, using itself as first operand and modify the value with second operand. The operators we talk about are: += (add this with), -= (subtract this with), *= (multiply this with), /= (divide this with), %= (mod this with). For example: var X = 10; X += 2; // X now 12 X -= 3; // X now 9 X *= 4; // X now 36 X /= 3; // X now 12 X %= 8; // X now 4 Arithmetic There are various arithmetic operations supported by JavaScript: + (addition), – (subtraction) , * (multiplication), / (division), % (modulus or division remainder), ++ (increment), — (decrement). var x = 15; var y; y = x + 3; // y now 15 + 3 = 18 y = x - 4; // y now 15 - 4 = 11 y = x * 2; // y now 15 * 2 = 30 y = x / 3; // y now 15 / 3 = 5 y = x % 9; // y now 15 % 9 = 6 Overall, the operators are similar to C and derived programming language’s operators. Comparison Comparison operators are operators used for comparing value of variable. There are three “state” available in Math: less, equal, greater. From this three states, we can have some comparison: < (less than), <= (less than or equal), == (equal), != (not equal), > (greater than), >= (greater than or equal). JavaScript also expand operators, adding two new operator:  === (exactly equal to), !== (not equal). All operator will return a boolean value, true or false. So what is the difference of == to === and != to !===? Remember that JavaScript is resolve type dynamically. The === means both variable have equal value and equal type. While the !== means the variable has different value or different type. Here is the example: var x = 5; x == 8; // false x == 5; // true x === "5"; // false x === 5; // true x != 8; // true x !== "5"; // true x !== 5; // false x > 8; // false x < 8; // true x >= 8; // false x <= 5; // true This operator can be used to evaluate a condition. String operation Operator + can also be used to string. It will concatenate two string and produce new string. txt1 = "Xathrya "; txt2 = "Sabertooth"; txt3 = txt1 + txt2; // txt3 = "Xathrya Sabertooth" When you adding two number, a new summed value will be returned. However, when you “add” string and a number, it will produce a string: x = 5 + 5; // x = 10 y = "5" + 5; // y = "55" z = "Hello" + 5; // z = "Hello5" Logical These operators act as conjunction to one or more logical expression and then return a boolean value. These operators consists of: && (and), || (or), ! (not). An && “and” operator need two operand and return true when both expression has value True. In math, it is denoted as ^. An || “or” operator need two operand and return true unless both expression has value False. In math, it is denoted as v. A ! not operator need one operand and invert the value. For example if the expression is False, it will produce True. Otherwise, it will product False. In math, it is denoted as ~. Here we have a complete list:

Introduction to JavaScript Posted: 12 Oct 2013 06:39 PM PDT JavaScript, standardized as ECMAScript, is a popular language especially when you want to build a web-based application. JavaScript is (not only) the programming language of the web, though we will discuss it why we say not only. In modern day, all modern web browsers – on desktop, game consoles, tablets, and smart phones – ship JavaScript interpreters. This makes JavaScript the most ubiquitos programming language in history. While HTML (and HTML5) acts just as a skeleton and CSS3 act as decorator, JavaScript do the logic in client side. It is used to specify the behavior of a web page. If you are already familiar with other programming language, you should be able to learn JavaScript quickly. However, we should note something about JavaScript: JavaScript use unique programming model. JavaScript also has nothing to do with Java programming language. They are different in concept and design. JavaScript is a Script JavaScript is a scripting language. That means, JavaScript cannot run without an interpreter. Here we know what the interpreters are: browsers. A scripting language is a lightweight programming language. In client-side scripting, JavaScript is code inserted into HTML pages or load by page. What Can JavaScript Do? In a browser, JavaScript can construct a behavior for a web page. It can manipulate a web page in some manners defined by a programmer. It can add, delete, and change a HTML object (also known as DOM or Document Object Model). It can also change the style of element (button, etc). JavaScript can also used as a callback. This way, when a specific event occurred, such as a button clicked, a JavaScript code can be executed. For example: when user filling a form and then click a ‘Register’ button, javascript then check the validity all the data. In some page, a page can communicate asynchronously to server to update specific content without refreshing the page. This is called AJAX, a more advance use of JavaScript. Using this, we can create an interactive web-app. JavaScript on Other Platform JavaScript still a script and need an interpreter. However, this day we can see more interpreter aside of browsers. On a desktop, we have NodeJS which is another implementation of JavaScript. NodeJS allows us to write and execute JavaScript like other scripting language (i.e. Python, Ruby, Perl). On some level, JavaScript (subset) is also used to create a interactive application. All possibility open for JavaScript.

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Rsync-ing and Preparing for a Competition Posted: 07 Oct 2013 11:38 AM PDT So, today (October 7th, 2013) I have some preparation to do for a competition tomorrow (October 8th, 2013). It is Gemastik, Pagelaran Mahasiswa Nasional di bidang TIK, an Indonesia IT competition for collegiate level. This is the 6th year and my campus is the host for the competition. I’m one of the competitor for Network Security field. So tonight I have update and upgrade much packages on my machine. As writing this news, I’m rsync-ing my machine to Kali LInux repository. Well, I don’t have much time and space so I download only the *.deb files. Here how I do: rsync -qaH -vaz --delete --include "*/" --include "*amd64.deb" --include "*all.deb" --exclude "*" archive-7.kali.org::kali/pool . And also, as I’m busy with some preparation for my team, I think I won’t hang around my site for some days. Maybe I will post some news regard this competition. Thanks for reading.

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• How to View or Edit PDF/Image Metadata from Command Line
• Access VNC Remote Desktop in Web Browser
• Install and Configure httptunnel
• Installing wxHexEditor
• Installing wxHexEditor for Slackware64
• Creating Multiple Networks on VMware Player
• How to Install RPM Fusion
• Creating Multiple VPN Tunnels Between Two Hosts using tinc VPN
• How to Set Up Repoforge Repository
• Install and Configure tinc VPN

How to View or Edit PDF/Image Metadata from Command Line Posted: 06 Oct 2013 07:42 PM PDT Typical digital images or photos have a rich set of metadata embedded in them. Metadata is automatically written by capture device such as digital cameras, or it can be manually added by photographers or photo editing software to show various properties. Similarly, a pdf document also have its own set of metadata associated with them to identify author, title, date, etc. There are various tools that allow us to edit metadata in digital photos or pdf documents and ExifTool is one of it. ExifTool is a platform-independent Perl library plus a command-line application for reading, writing and editing meta information in a wide variety of files. ExifTool supports many different metadata formats including EXIF, GPS, IPTC, XMP, JFIF, GeoTIFF, ICC Profile, Photoshop IRB, FlashPix, AFCP and ID3, as well as the maker notes of many digital cameras by Canon, Casio, FLIR, FujiFilm, GE, HP, JVC/Victor, Kodak, Leaf, Minolta/Konica-Minolta, Nikon, Olympus/Epson, Panasonic/Leica, Pentax/Asahi, Phase One, Reconyx, Ricoh, Samsung, Sanyo, Sigma/Foveon and Sony. In this article, we will discuss about how to view or edit metadata in pdf documents or digital pictures from command line using ExifTool. All of experiments have been done on Slackware64 14.0. Supported Metadata Below is the list of file types and metadata currently supported by ExifTool (“r” = read, “w” = write, “c” = create) Supported file types ------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+------------ 3FR r | DVB r | M4A/V r | PBM r/w | RWL r/w 3G2 r | DYLIB r | MEF r/w | PDF r/w | RWZ r 3GP r | EIP r | MIE r/w/c | PEF r/w | RM r ACR r | EPS r/w | MIFF r | PFA r | SO r AFM r | ERF r/w | MKA r | PFB r | SR2 r/w AI r/w | EXE r | MKS r | PFM r | SRF r AIFF r | EXIF r/w/c | MKV r | PGF r | SRW r/w APE r | F4A/V r | MNG r/w | PGM r/w | SVG r ARW r/w | FLA r | MOS r/w | PICT r | SWF r ASF r | FLAC r | MOV r | PMP r | THM r/w AVI r | FLV r | MP3 r | PNG r/w | TIFF r/w BMP r | FPX r | MP4 r | PPM r/w | TTC r BTF r | GIF r/w | MPC r | PPT r | TTF r COS r | GZ r | MPG r | PPTX r | VRD r/w/c CR2 r/w | HDP r/w | MPO r/w | PS r/w | VSD r CRW r/w | HTML r | MQV r | PSB r/w | WAV r CS1 r/w | ICC r/w/c | MRW r/w | PSD r/w | WDP r/w DCM r | IIQ r/w | MXF r | PSP r | WEBP r DCP r/w | IND r/w | NEF r/w | QTIF r | WEBM r DCR r | ITC r | NRW r/w | RA r | WMA r DFONT r | JNG r/w | NUMBERS r | RAF r/w | WMV r DIVX r | JP2 r/w | ODP r | RAM r | X3F r/w DJVU r | JPEG r/w | ODS r | RAR r | XCF r DLL r | K25 r | ODT r | RAW r/w | XLS r DNG r/w | KDC r | OGG r | RIFF r | XLSX r DOC r | KEY r | ORF r/w | RSRC r | XMP r/w/c DOCX r | LNK r | OTF r | RTF r | ZIP r DV r | M2TS r | PAGES r | RW2 r/w | Supported metadata standards and types ----------------------+----------------------+--------------------- EXIF r/w/c | CIFF r/w | Ricoh RMETA r GPS r/w/c | AFCP r/w | Picture Info r IPTC r/w/c | Kodak Meta r/w | Adobe APP14 r XMP r/w/c | FotoStation r/w | MPF r MakerNotes r/w/c | PhotoMechanic r/w | Stim r Photoshop IRB r/w/c | JPEG 2000 r | APE r ICC Profile r/w/c | DICOM r | Vorbis r MIE r/w/c | Flash r | SPIFF r JFIF r/w/c | FlashPix r | DjVu r Ducky APP12 r/w/c | QuickTime r | M2TS r PDF r/w/c | Matroska r | PE/COFF r PNG r/w/c | GeoTIFF r | AVCHD r Canon VRD r/w/c | PrintIM r | ZIP r Nikon Capture r/w/c | ID3 r | (and more) Installation As stated before, ExifTool is using Perl. ExifTool requires Perl 5.004 or later. No other library or software is required. Package Manager Way To install ExifTool on Ubuntu, Debian or Linux Mint you can use following command: sudo apt-get install libimage-exiftool-perl To install ExifTool on CentOS or RHEL, first you need to set up EPEL repository, and then run the following: sudo yum install perl-Image-ExifTool Generic Way Installing ExifTool from source is really simple. Download the source code, the latest version is 9.37 wget http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/Image-ExifTool-9.37.tar.gz Extract and go to the source code’s root directory: tar -xzvf Image-ExifTool-9.37.tar.gz cd Image-ExifTool-9.37 next, invoke following commands to test and install: perl Makefile.PL make test sudo make install Windows Way In Windows, there is a choice of two different versions of ExifTool to install. If you don’t already have Perl, it is easier to install the stand-alone ExifTool executable, but note that the stand-alone version doesn’t include the HTML documentation or some other files of the full distribution. The stand-alone executable can be downloaded from ExifTool home page: exiftool-9.37.zip. After download it, extract “exiftool(-k).exe”. Rename and move it as to C:\Windows\exiftool.exe. You can now run exiftool by typing “exiftool” at the command prompt. Usage Example View all metadata in a picture exiftool input.jpg Change title and author information of a pdf document exiftool -Title="A title by Satria" -Author="Satria Ady Pradana" input.pdf Modify tags of multiple image in a batch exiftool -artist="Satria Ady Pradana" -copyright="2013 Satria Ady Pradana" a.jpg b.jpg c.jpg Modify artist name for all media files located in a target directory exiftool -artist="Satria Ady Pradana" ./folder Show all Metadata information in an Image This will include duplicate and unknown tags, sorted by group. exiftool -a -u -g2 input.jpg Show all metadata fields which contains the word “Date” exiftool -"*Date*" input.png Extract GPS coordinate information from a photo exiftool -gpslatitude -gpslongitude input.jpg Show GPS coordinate information contained in a picture in tabular format exiftool -filename -gpslatitude -gpslongitude -T input.jpg

Access VNC Remote Desktop in Web Browser Posted: 06 Oct 2013 03:31 PM PDT There are many VNC clients available, differing in their capabilities and support. If you are looking cross-platform VNC client, you can have Java-based VNC viewers (e.g., RealVNC or TightVNC). However, there is also a new way, web-based VNC clients. VNC web clients are typically faster than Java-based VNC viewers and could be easily integrated into other third-party application. In this article, we will discuss about how to access VNC remote desktop in web browser by using VNC web client called noVNC. All experiment is done on Linux, Slackware64 14.0. What is noVNC noVNC is a HTML5-based remote desktop web client which can communicate with a remote VNC server via Web Sockets. Using noVNC, you can control a remote computer in a web browser over VNC. noVNC has been integrated into a number of other projects including OpenStack, OpenNebula, CloudSigma, Amahi and PocketVNC. noVNC Feature List The following list shows full features offered by noVNC. Supports all modern browsers including those on iOS, Android. Supported VNC encodings: raw, copyrect, rre, hextile, tight, tightPNG WebSocket SSL/TLS encryption (i.e. "wss://") support 24-bit true color and 8 bit colour mapped Supports desktop resize notification/pseudo-encoding Local or remote cursor Clipboard copy/paste Clipping or scrolling modes for large remote screens Web Browser Requirements Not all web browser can run noVNC. We need web browsers which capable of running HTML5, in specific: HTML5 Canvas and WebSockets. Therefore, older age web browsers are excluded from our list. The following browser meet the requirements: Chrome 8+ Firefox 3.6+ Safari 5+ iOS Safari 4.2+ Opera 11+ Internet Explorer 9+ If your browser does not have native WebSockets support, you can use web-socket.js, which is included in noVNC package. More detailed on browser compatibility can be seen on the the official guide. Installation To install noVNC remote desktop web client, clone the noVNC repository: git clone git://github.com/kanaka/noVNC Running Launch Webcokify WebSockets Proxy The first step is to launch Websockify (which comes with noVNC package) on local host. noVNC relies on Websockify to communicate with a remote VNC server. Websockify is a WebSocket to TCP proxy/bridge, which allows a web browser to connect to any application, server or service via local TCP proxy. Here we assume we have already set up a running VNC server somewhere. Let say we have VNC server at 192.168.1.102:5901 using TightVNC. To launch Websockify, use a startup script called launch.sh. This script starts a mini-webserver as well as Websockify. The "–vnc" option is used to specify the location of a remotely running VNC server. Run it on noVNC source code root directory: ./utils/launch.sh --vnc 192.168.102:5901 And you should have something like this: Warning: could not find self.pem Starting webserver and WebSockets proxy on port 6080 WebSocket server settings: - Listen on :6080 - Flash security policy server - Web server. Web root: /home/xathrya/gitku/noVNC - No SSL/TLS support (no cert file) - proxying from :6080 to 192.168.1.102:5901 Navigate to this URL: http://BlueWyvern:6080/vnc.html?host=BlueWyvern&port=6080 Press Ctrl-C to exit Connect using Browsers At this point, you can open up a web browser, and navigate to the URL shown in the output of Websockify (e.g., http://BlueWyvern:6080/vnc.html?host=BlueWyvern&port=6080). If the remote VNC server requires password authentication, you will see the following screen in your web browser. After you have successfully connected to a remote VNC server, you will be able to access the remote desktop. You can also adjust the settings of a VNC session by clicking the settings icon. The above examples are running on Slacwkware64 14.0 (client) and Raspbian Wheezy / Raspberry Pi (server) Create Encrypted VNC Session with noVNC By default a VNC session created by noVNC is not encrypted. If you want, you can create encrypted VNC connections by using the WebSocket 'wss://' URI scheme. For that, you need to generate a self-signed encryption certificate (e.g., by using OpenSSL), and have Websockify load the certificate. To create a self-signed certificate with OpenSSL: openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -nodes -out self.pem -keyout self.pem After that, place the certification in noVNC/utils directory. Then you can run launch.sh, Websockify will automatically load the certificate.

Install and Configure httptunnel Posted: 06 Oct 2013 03:02 PM PDT httptunnel is free software that allows one to create a bi-directional tunnel encapsulated by HTTP, between client and server. The HTTP requests can be sent via an HTTP proxy if so desired. HTTP-encapsulated tunnels are useful behind restrictive network. If WWW access is allowed through a HTTP proxy, it’s possible to use httptunnel and, say, telnet or PPP to connect to a computer outside the firewall. A common example of using this method is for using games, IM clients, or P2P sharing applications across restrictive firewalls or proxies which tend to block pretty much everything except well known traffic such as HTTP traffic. httptunnel consists of hts (server) and htc (client) components to establish HTTP tunnels in between. Installation Linux Package Manager Way For Debian or its derivatives system (Ubuntu, Linux Mint): sudo apt-get install httptunnel For Red Hat or derivatives system (Fedora, CentOS, Scientific Linux, etc), you should set up Repoforge repository first and then do: sudo yum install httptunnel Windows Way Binary for Windows are provided by some contributors. For Windows NT, you can go to here. For WIN32, you can go to here. Generic Way Download the latest stable httptunnel source code (version 3.0.5) httptunnel-3.0.5.tar.gz Extract the source code from archive, and do usual routine: tar -xf httptunnel-3.0.5.tar.gz cd httptunnel-3.0.5 ./configure make make install Set Up HTTP Tunnel As stated before, there are two parties for a connection, which is http server and http client. Therefore, we need to configure both side. Of course, both should have httptunnel installed. Server Side hts -F <server_ip_addr>:<port_of_your_app> 80 The above command tells hts to listen on port 80 and redirect all traffic received on port 80 to ,port_of_your_app> Client Side htc -P <my_proxy.com:proxy_port> -F <port_of_your_app> <server_ip_addr>:80 The above command tells htc to receive traffic on localhost:<port_of_your_app>, which then is redirected to <server_ip_addr>:80, optionally via proxy (in case the client is behind HTTP proxy). At this point, the application instances running on two end hosts can communicate with each other transparently via an HTTP tunnel.

Installing wxHexEditor Posted: 06 Oct 2013 02:44 PM PDT A hex editor is a “special purpose” editor. It is different from a regular text ediro in that the hex editor displays the raw binary content of a given file, without applying any text encoding or typesetting. A hex editor is mainly used in forensic or low level editing situation. It can be use for example: repairing disk image and partition, reverse engineering binary code, patching emulator ROM files, analyzing malware, etc. One of good HEX editor available for Linux is wxHexEditor, which will be discussed here. wxHexEditor is using wxWidgets libraries, therefore it can be compiled on top of various platform supported by wxWidgets. In this article we will limit ourself to some operating system: Windows, Mac, and Linux. There is also a specific article for installing wxHexEditor for Slackware, which can be used as a guide for installing wxHexEditor from source code. The latest version of wxHexEditor is 0.22, which will be used in this article. wxHexEditor Features wxHexEditor offers a number of powerful features. 64-bit file descriptors supporting files or devices of up to 2^64 bytes. Extremely fast with handling large files by not copying the whole files to RAM. Can handle multiple byte insertions or deletions without creating a temp file. Low memory footprint (e.g., 25 MB memory for opening multi GB files). Disassembly support for x86, x86-64, MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, AMD-V, Intel VT-x. Support for process memory editing. Can handle XOR-based obfuscation. Multiple views to show multiple files. Support for multiple encodings (e.g., UTF8/16/32, Shift JIS, GBK, EUC, etc). Dependencies To compile wxHexEditor, we need wxWidgets library with version 2.8.11 or higher. You can follow this article to install wxWidgets if you don’t have it yet. Windows Installation wxHexEditor offers a binary installer which compiled using MinGW. You can download it here. Once the download finished, you will have a new zip archive name wxHexEditor-v0.22a-Win32.zip. Mac OS Installation Mac OSX users can download precompiled static binary for MacIntel. You can download the installer here. Linux Installation Debian Way To install wxHexEditor on Debian and it’s derivation, you can install via GetDeb Apps repositories. Here are the commands you need to invoke to install wxHexEditor: wget -q -O – http://archive.getdeb.net/getdeb-archive.key | sudo apt-key add - sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://archive.getdeb.net/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs)-getdeb apps" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/getdeb.list' sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install wxhexeditor Alternatively, you can build wxHexEditor from source: sudo apt-get install debhelper libdisasm-dev libmhash-dev libwxbase2.8-dev libwxgtk2.8-dev wx-common wx2.8-headers svn checkout svn://svn.code.sf.net/p/wxhexeditor/code/trunk wxHexEditor cd wxHexEditor make OPTFLAGS="-fopenmp" RPM Package Way If you are using CentOS or RHEL, you need to enable Repoforge repository first. To install wxHexEditor, you can build it from source, as follows: sudo yum install libtool gcc-c++ wxGTK-devel svn checkout svn://svn.code.sf.net/p/wxhexeditor/code/trunk wxHexEditor cd wxHexEditor make OPTFLAGS="-fopenmp" Troubleshoot If you encounter following problems: /lib/libgbm.so.1: undefined reference to `wayland_buffer_is_drm' then you need to updating mesa-libgbm package.

Installing wxHexEditor for Slackware64 Posted: 06 Oct 2013 02:01 PM PDT A hex editor is a “special purpose” editor. It is different from a regular text ediro in that the hex editor displays the raw binary content of a given file, without applying any text encoding or typesetting. A hex editor is mainly used in forensic or low level editing situation. It can be use for example: repairing disk image and partition, reverse engineering binary code, patching emulator ROM files, analyzing malware, etc. One of good HEX editor available for Linux is wxHexEditor, which will be discussed here. In this article, I use following: Slackware64 14.0 wxHexEditor – source code. There is also an article for installing wxHexEditor in several operating system. wxHexEditor Features wxHexEditor offers a number of powerful features. 64-bit file descriptors supporting files or devices of up to 2^64 bytes. Extremely fast with handling large files by not copying the whole files to RAM. Can handle multiple byte insertions or deletions without creating a temp file. Low memory footprint (e.g., 25 MB memory for opening multi GB files). Disassembly support for x86, x86-64, MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, AMD-V, Intel VT-x. Support for process memory editing. Can handle XOR-based obfuscation. Multiple views to show multiple files. Support for multiple encodings (e.g., UTF8/16/32, Shift JIS, GBK, EUC, etc). Installation Dependencies To compile wxHexEditor, we need wxWidgets library with version 2.8.11 or higher. You can follow this article to install wxWidgets if you don’t have it yet. You also need wxPython to do so. Obtain the Materials Source code for wxHexEditor is hosted at sourceforge with latest version is 0.22 Beta. You can download the source code here. Next, extract it and you will have a directory of the source code. Change to that directory, the rest of compilation will be assumed that we are here. Compilation Invoke these series of commands to build wxHexEditor (using root privileges to install): make OPTFLAGS="-fopenmp" su -c "make install" Other Installation Methods Slackbuilds A slackbuild script has been provided here. However, the version supported there is 0.20. You can download the source code and slackbuild script and do slackbuild on your system. Install from RPM Package Installing from RPM package means you need to convert the corresponding .rpm package to Slackware compatible. This package is actually used for Red Hat and it’s derivative distributions. First you need to obtain the package. For example, I obtain one package from pkgs.org which is wxHexEditor-0.22-2.1.x86_64.rpm Then do conversion by rpm2tgz tool: rpm2tgz wxhexeditor-0.22-2.1.x86_64.rpm And then install it by: su -c "upgradepkg --install-new wxhexeditor-0.22-2.1.x86_64.tgz" Install from Deb Package Installing from Deb package means you need to convert the corresponding .deb package to Slackware compatible. This package is actually used for Debian and it’s derivative distributions. First you need to obtain the package. For example, I obtain one package from pkgs.org which is wxHexEditor-0.22-repack-1_amd64.deb Then do conversion by deb2tgz tool: deb2tgz wxhexeditor_0.22+repack-1_amd64.deb And then install it by: su -c "upgradepkg --install-new wxhexeditor_0.22+repack-1_amd64.tgz"

Creating Multiple Networks on VMware Player Posted: 06 Oct 2013 01:34 PM PDT In VMware Player, there are three network options for guest VMs: bridged network, NAT network, and host-only network. What if you want to create multiple isolated networks, running the VM and have the networks run available at once? Each of which is reachable via different network interfaces attached to the VM. Surely this is interesting, but if the network choices are limited to the one above three options, we can’t make our idea real. Therefore, in this article we will discuss about how we can “hack” VMware Player so it can accommodate our idea. The Theory Behind The feature we use is “LAN segments”. Using this, we can define multiple LAN segments, each of which represents an isolated virtual LAN. We can then add our VM as many LAN segments (corresponding network adapters) as we want. Both VMware Workstation and VMware Player have this feature so you can apply it to VMware Workstation too. However, on Linux it seems that LAN Segments is not shown by default. Each LAN segment act as a VPN (Virtual Private Network). This way, more than one isolated network can be formed. Creating LAN Segment In order to create and assign a LAN segment to VMware Player VM, first create a new VM instance with two network interface (one bridged and the other NAT interfaces) using Virtual Machine Wizard. Do not turn on the VM at this point. Instead, open up .vmx file of the VM and edit it as follows. Search for the lines that reads “ethernet1.xxxxx”. This is configuration for network interface eth1 ethernet1.present = "TRUE" ethernet1.connectionType = "nat" ethernet1.virtualDev = "e1000" ethernet1.wakeOnPcktRcv = "FALSE" ethernet1.addressType = "generated" Currently eth1 is set to use NAT. We will reconfigure it so that it uses a LAN segment instead. For that, change the above configuration as follows: ethernet1.present = "TRUE" ethernet1.connectionType = "pvn" ethernet1.pvnID = "52 dd bc d5 36 19 1b 6b-0f f1 fb 1c 4c ac 44 f7" ethernet1.virtualDev = "e1000" ethernet1.wakeOnPcktRcv = "FALSE" ethernet1.addressType = "generated" As seen there, two changes made. First, ethernet1.connectionType was change to “pvn” (Private Virtual Network). Also, there is a new entry, ethernet1.pvnID which identifies the LAN segment that the VM will be attached to. You can fill in any arbitrary pvnID in the same alphanumeric format; it will be regenerated by VMware Player later on. Once changes are saved to .vmx file, open the guest machine's VM settings on VMware Player. Now you will notice that LAN segment configuration menu magically appears on VMware Player GUI, as shown below. If it isn’t shown up yet, close VMware Player and start it up again. From the drop down menu of LAN segments, you can choose "LAN Segment 1″ which was created by our manual editing of .vmx file. You can also create as many LAN segments as you want, by clicking on "LAN Segments" button, which will show you a LAN segment management interface. All the VMs that are attached to the same LAN segment are physically on the same layer-2 network. VMs that are assigned to different LAN segments are physically separated. Note that there is no pre-configured DHCP service running on the LAN segments you create. Therefore, if you want to have your VM assigned a DHCP IP address from a given LAN segment, you will need to run a DHCP server on one of your VMs on the same LAN segment. Alternatively, you could use a static IP address.

How to Install RPM Fusion Posted: 06 Oct 2013 01:03 PM PDT RPM Fusion is a service which provides software that the Fedora Project or Red Hat doesn’t want to ship. Like any RPM package, you can install package on RPM Fusion using yum and PackageKit. RPM Fusion is a merger of Dribble, Freshrpms, and Livna which has goal to simplify end-user experience by grouping as much add-on software as possible in single location. Specifically, RPM Fusion offers various free or non-free add-on packages. These packages are not shipped by Fedora and Red Hat because they do not meet the software requirement. Installing RPM Fusion is not difficult. Here in this article we will discuss it. In this article, we will use Fedora 15 as example machine. Installation RPM Fusion maintains two separate repositories for free and non-free packages. You can selectively enable either or both repositories as you want. In order to enable the free repository of RPM Fusion, do: sudo yum localinstall --nogpgcheck http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm To enable the non-free repository of RPM fusion sudo yum localinstall --nogpgcheck http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm Verification To verify that RPM Fusion repository has been set up successfully, run the following command to list all available repositories on your system. yum repolist | grep rpmfusion If you have enabled the RPM Fusion, an entry should appears

Creating Multiple VPN Tunnels Between Two Hosts using tinc VPN Posted: 06 Oct 2013 11:52 AM PDT There are cases where we want to create more than one VPN tunnels between a pair of hosts. Well this is possible and this is what we want to discuss in this article. Why Multiple Tunnels? As the question goes, why? With multiple tunnels, you could use each tunnel for a different purpose, achieving full isolation among traffic belonging to different tunnels. Depending on which tunnel traffic goes through, you could even apply different QoS or security policies to the underlying traffic. Scenario In this example, we will create two VPN tunnels between hosts Alice and Bob. Assuming that Alice serves as a tinc VPN bootstrapping point, while Bob initiates a connection to Alice. Two VPNs created between Alice and bob are named vpn1 and vpn2. Configuration In tinc, one tinc daemon can only manage one VPN. This means that if you want to create multiple tunnels between two hosts, you need to run as many tinc daemons on each host. To a basic set up, you can follow this article in the configuration section. Create VPN Configuration Using the guide above, create two separate tinc VPNs named vpn1 and vpn2. If you follow the tinc configuration instruction, two sets of tinc configuration files will be stored in /etc/tinc/vpn1 and /etc/tinc/vpn2. Make sure to use two distinct tinc interface names (e.g., tun0, tun1) as well as two different subnets for these two VPNs. Specifying Port By default, listens on port 655 for incoming connections. Thus we cannot run more than one tinc daemons with the default port setting. For two VPNs vpn1 and vpn2, you can use the default port for one VPN (e.g., vpn1), but need to use another port for the other VPN (e.g., vpn2). Therefore, we need to configure a port number to use for vpn2 (in our scenario). On both hosts alice and bob, append the following in /etc/tinc/vpn2/hosts/alice and /etc/tinc/vpn2/hosts/bob. The port number can be anything other than tinc's default port number 655. Port = 700 Make sure the port is available. Starting tinc Once tinc configurations are done, start two tinc daemons on each host as follows (using root privileges): tincd --net=vpn1 tincd --net=vpn2

How to Set Up Repoforge Repository Posted: 06 Oct 2013 11:41 AM PDT Repoforge, previously known as RPMforge, maintains a repository of RPM packages for Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), CentOS and Scientific Linux. If you are a RHEL or CentOS user, it is strongly recommended to set up Repoforge repository on your system, as it contains many useful software packages that are not available in existing stock repositories. The configuration of Repoforge is not so difficult. Here in this article we will try to do it. In this article, we will use CentOS 6.3 as example machine. Installation In order to enable Repoforge repository on your CentOS system, you need to check CentOS version. Though we said earlier that we use CentOS 6.3, you can also check your CentOS version by running the following command. cat /etc/redhat-release You should also check your architecture, whether 32-bit (i.e., i686) or 64-bit (i.e., x86_64) based: uname -a The configuration would depend on your version. For 32-bit CentOS 6.*: sudo rpm -Uvh http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.i686.rpm For 64-bit CentOS 6.*: sudo rpm -Uvh http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm For 32-bit CentOS 5.*: sudo rpm -Uvh http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm For 64-bit CentOS 5.*: sudo rpm -Uvh http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm Verification Once repoforge ins installed, you can use yum to install all available packages from the repoforge repo.

Install and Configure tinc VPN Posted: 06 Oct 2013 11:34 AM PDT tinc is an open-source VPN daemon that uses tunnelling and encryption to create a secure private network between hosts on the internet. Because the VPN appears to the IP level network code as a normal network device, there is no need to adapt any existing software. This allows VPN sites to share information with each other over the Internet without exposing any information to others. tinc comes with a number of powerful features not found in other VPN solutions.  For example, tinc allows peers behind NAT to communicate with one another via VPN directly, not through a third party.  Other features include full IPv6 support and path MTU discovery. For a complete list, you should go to tinc official site. Scenario Unlike any other article, we will use a scenario to illustrate the case we use in this article. In this article, we will set up a VPN connection between two hosts via tinc. Let’s call these hosts as “Alice” and “Bob”. We also assume that Bob will initiate a VPN connection to host “alice”. Installation First, install tinc on both hosts. Linux Package Manager Way For Debian or its derivatives system (Ubuntu, Linux Mint): sudo apt-get install tinc For Red Hat or derivatives system (Fedora, CentOS, Scientific Linux, etc), you should set up Repoforge repository first and then do: sudo yum install tinc -y Windows Way For a Windows system (Windows XP/Vista/7/8), there is an installation file you can use. The latest version you can find is 1.0.22. Download and execute the file, here. Mac OS Way The recommended methods to install tinc on Mac OS is using macports port system. he MacPorts Project is an open-source community initiative to design an easy-to-use system for compiling, installing, and upgrading either command-line, X11 or Aqua based open-source software on the MacOSX operating system. Macports is recommended because it does not modify your system files. It keeps itself separate from your system. XCode is required prerequisite. It must be installed before installing Macports. Download and install the Macports system from MacForge. XCode (requires free online ADC Membership); it can also be obtained from original OSX installation DVD Macports After Macports is installed, close and reopen your terminal. Update the ports system and ports list. sudo port selfupdate sudo port sync Then you can install tinc and all necessary dependencies by: sudo port install tinc All configuration files are located in /opt/local/etc/tinc. Configuration For each host, create a directory for tinc. Alice machine mkdir -p /etc/tinc/myvpn/hosts Then create a file /etc/tinc/myvpn/tinc.conf with following data: Name = alice AddressFamily = ipv4 Interface = tun0 The above example create a “session” under name “myvpn”. This is the name of the VPN network to established between Alice and Bob on this scenario. VPN name can be any alphanumeric name without containing "-". In tinc.conf example, "Name" field indicates the name of tinc-running local host, which doesn't have to be actual hostname. You can choose any generic name. Next, create host configuration files which contain host-specific information on /etc/tinc/myvpn/hosts/alice with following text: Address = 1.2.3.4 Subnet = 10.0.0.1/32 The name of host configuration file (e.g., alice) should be the same as the one you defined in tinc.conf. The "Address" field indicates a globally routable public IP address associated with alice. This field is required for at least one host in a given VPN network so that other hosts can initiate VPN connections to it. In this example, alice will serve as the bootstrapping server, and so has a public IP address (e.g., 1.2.3.4). The "Subnet" field indicates the VPN IP address to be assigned to alice. Next, generate public/private pair keys (using root privileges): tincd -n myvpn -K4096 The above command will generate 4096-bit public/private keys for host "alice". The private key will be stored as /etc/tinc/myvpn/rsa_key.priv, and the public key will be appended to /etc/tinc/myvpn/hosts/alice. Next, configure the scripts that will be run right after tinc daemon gets started, as well as right before tinc daemon is terminated. Make sure you have them executable by chmod to 755. Create /etc/tinc/myvpn/tinc-up for startup script: #!/bin/sh ifconfig $INTERFACE 10.0.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 Create /etc/tinc/myvpn/tinc-down for shutdown script: #!/bin/sh ifconfig $INTERFACE down Bob Machine mkdir -p /etc/tinc/myvpn/hosts Then create a file /etc/tinc/myvpn/tinc.conf with following data: Name = bob AddressFamily = ipv4 Interface = tun0 ConnectTo = alice Similar to Alice machine, we create a configuration for Bob. However, we remember that in this scenario Bob is initiating connection to Alice. Therefor, we put “ConnectTo” field to connect to Alice machine. Create a file /etc/tinc/myvpn/hosts/bob with following data: Subnet = 10.0.0.2/32 Then create a private/public key pair (using root privileges): tincd -n myvpn -K4096 This will store the Bob’s private key as /etc/tinc/myvpn/rsa_key.priv and its public will be added to /etc/tinc/myvpn/hosts/bob. We also need to create two script similar to alice, namely /etc/tinc/myvpn/tinc-up and /etc/myvpn/tinc-down. On /etc/tinc/myvpn/tinc-up, write: #!/bin/sh ifconfig $INTERFACE 10.0.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 On /etc/tinc/myvpn/tinc-down, write: #!/bin/sh ifconfig $INTERFACE down Make sure both script are executable. Copying Both Key Next we need to copy each host’s public key file into other host. This way, both party can connect into a VPN network. On Alice: scp /etc/tinc/myvpn/hosts/alice root@bob:/etc/tinc/myvpn/hosts/ On Bob: scp /etc/tinc/myvpn/hosts/bob root@alice:/etc/tinc/myvpn/hosts/ Creating Connection After finishing the configuration, you should be able to create a connection. Based on our scenario, since Bob initiates a VPN connection, you need to start tinc daemon on Alice first and then Bob. Both are using same command (use root privileges): tincd -n myvpn

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